This is a four act Japanese story structure. According to the wikipedia page for this concept:
- kiku (起句) is 'ki (起)': introduction, where 起 can mean rouse, wake up, get up
- shōku (承句) is 'sho (承)': development, where 承 can also mean acquiesce, hear, listen to, be informed, receive
- tenku (転句) is 'ten (転)': twist, where 転 can mean revolve, turn around, change
- kekku (結句) is 'ketsu (結)': conclusion, though 結 can also mean result, consequence, outcome, effect, coming to fruition, bearing fruit, etc.
In a story, the following might happen:- Introduction (ki): an introduction to the characters, era, and other information required to understand the plot.
- Development (shō): follows leads towards the twist in the story. No major changes so far.
- Twist (ten): the story turns toward an unexpected development. This is the crux of the story, the yama (ヤマ) or climax. If the narrative takes several turns, this is the biggest one.
- Conclusion (ketsu), also called ochi (落ち) or ending, wraps up the story.
Kishotenketsu is often called a story structure without conflict, at least in comparison to Western storytelling.